Januar 1763 in Pau, Frankreich als Jean Baptiste Bernadotte; 8. In 1809 a palace revolution had overthrown King Gustav IV of Sweden and had put the aged, childless, and sickly Charles XIII on the throne. His fresh troops, reinforced by 30,000 Prussians, joined the fray against the already battered French lines where Swedish forces entered battle in numbers for the first time in the campaign. Napoleon now tried to prevent any reorientation of Swedish foreign policy and moreover sent an immediate demand that Sweden declare war on Great Britain; the Swedes had no choice, but, though technically in a state of war between 1810 and 1812, Sweden and Great Britain did not engage in active hostilities. [31] I Corps then co-operated in the great movement which resulted in the shutting off of Mack in the Battle of Ulm. "Bernadotte and Swedish-American Relations, 1810–1814,", Kurtz, Harold. In 1802 he fell under suspicion of complicity with a group of army officers of republican sympathies who disseminated anti-Bonapartist pamphlets and propaganda from the city of Rennes (the “Rennes plot”). [113] He was succeeded by his only son, Oscar I. The keynote of his whole policy was the acquisition of Norway as a compensation for the loss of Finland and Bernadotte proved anything but a puppet of France. [84], Charles John, address to the Estates, 5 November 1810. In modern Norwegian lists of kings he is called Charles III John. Bernadotte refused to make any such agreement, upon the ground that his obligations to Sweden would not allow it; Napoleon exclaimed "Go, and let our destinies be accomplished" and signed the act of emancipation unconditionally. It was not the first, or last time, that Napoleon thought of placing Bernadotte on a foreign throne. The events that shook Europe and that gave her back her freedom are known. [83] Many were also optimistic that Sweden would capture Finland under Charles John. Johann ist der Begründer des schwedis… [80] Another factor which favored Bernadotte's election was his (presumed) close ties to French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte,[81] who had recently defeated Sweden in the Franco-Swedish War. In Norway there was opposition to the Swedish predominance within the union and to the royal influence over the legislature. [40][41], After the Battle of Jena, Bernadotte crushed the Prussian Reserve Army, all fresh troops fortified behind a marsh and the River Saale, under Duke Eugen of Württemberg at Halle (17 October 1806), though Imperial Headquarters did not much appreciate this victory. Charles XIV John appears in 1 issues View all The Story of Sex: A Graphic History Through the Ages . In accepting the position, Bernadotte requested additional soldiers, settlers, and funding to support the colony, but Napoleon refused. Ornament- und Dekorationsmalereien ausführte und Entwürfe für Möbel und Goldschmiedearbeiten sowie Kartons für Bildwirkereien schuf. [78][79] Bernadotte was elected partly because a large part of the Swedish Army, in view of future complications with Russia, were in favour of electing a soldier, and partly because he was also personally popular, owing to the kindness he had shown to the Swedish prisoners in Lübeck. [9] In early 1790 he was promoted to Adjudant-Major, the highest rank for non-commissioned officers in the Ancien Régime. French miliitary officer and Imperial Marshal.King of Sweden and Norway, also named Karl XIV Johan. His posting was cancelled, however, after the Sale of Louisiana. He married Désirée Clary in August 1798, the daughter of a Marseilles merchant, and once engaged to Napoleon, and Joseph Bonaparte's sister-in-law. In November 1799 Bernadotte refused to assist Bonaparte’s coup d’état that ended the Directory but neither did he defend it. [109] I could perhaps have been able to agree to become Napoleon’s ally: but when he attacked the country that had placed its fate in my hands, he could find in me no other than an opponent. In July 1807 Bernadotte was named governor of the occupied Hanseatic cities of northern Germany. His growing fame, however, and his contacts with the radical Jacobins irritated Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès—one of the five members of the government of the Directory that ruled France from 1795 to 1799—who engineered his removal. mit Videos, interaktiven Übungen & Lösungen. In designating... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. We do not know how it may turn out. He fought in the Revolutionary wars from 1794 as general of division) in Belgium, Germany, and Italy, and in … Barton, Sir Dunbar Plunket (1930). Someday the Gascon will get caught. ", Significant civil and political events by year, Barton, Dunbar Plunket (1930). pp. The Crown Prince at once assumed control of the government and acted officially as regent during the illnesses of Charles XIII. Ballantine Books, New York, Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe, https://www.thelocal.se/20140815/sweden-celebrates-200-years-of-peace, "Bernadotte, Bonaparte, and Louisiana: the last dream of a French Empire in North America", "Napoleonic Marshals : Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte : Napoleonic Wars : France", "Charles XIV John – king of Sweden and Norway", "Norway – Facts, Points of Interest, Geography, & History", "Ritter-Orden: Militärischer Maria-Theresien-Orden", "Grand Crosses of the Order of the Tower and Sword", "The Court Journal: Court Circular & Fashionable Gazette", Charles XIV John of Sweden / Charles III John of Norway, Charles XV of Sweden / Charles IV of Norway, Prince Charles Philip, Duke of Södermanland, King Władysław IV of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania, King John II Casimir of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania, John Albert, Prince-Bishop of Warmia and Kraków, Prince Frederick Adolf, Duke of Östergötland, Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten, England expects that every man will do his duty, Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany, Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick, Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen, François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau, Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth, Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau, List of people associated with the French Revolution, Paul François Jean Nicolas, vicomte de Barras, Marie Jean François Philibert Lecarlier d'Ardon, Bogislav Friedrich Emanuel von Tauentzien, Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_XIV_John&oldid=1007816940, Military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars, French military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars, Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Swedish military commanders of the Napoleonic Wars, Converts to Lutheranism from Roman Catholicism, Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Sword, Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Polar Star, Grand Masters of the Order of Charles XIII, Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Zähringer Lion, Grand Crosses of the Order of the Red Eagle, Grand Crosses of the Military Order of Maria Theresa, Recipients of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross, Recipients of the Order of St. George of the First Degree, Grand Crosses of the Military Order of St. Henry, Articles with dead external links from November 2016, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Swedish-language text, Pages using infobox military person with embed, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from The American Cyclopaedia, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from The American Cyclopaedia, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from The American Cyclopaedia with a Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the New International Encyclopedia, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with KULTURNAV identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Jean Bernadotte, later Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, later Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte. Once one of the most trusted generals of Emperor Napoleon I of France, he was born in Pau, France, as Jean Bernadotte, soon called Jean Baptiste.When he was created Prince of Ponte-Corvo in Italy by Napoleon he added Jules to his … [57] Due to this near fatal wound, Bernadotte was invalided to the rear and missed the remainder of the Polish Campaign. [100], After the Battle of Leipzig he went his own way, determined at all hazards to cripple Denmark and to secure Norway,[33] defeating the Danes in a relatively quick campaign. Johann König von Schweden und als Karl III. [33], Charles John, as the Commander-in-Chief of the Northern Army, successfully defended the approaches to Berlin and was victorious in battle against Oudinot in August and against Ney in September at the Battles of Großbeeren and Dennewitz. [49] Napoleon, having received word of the Russian offensive, gave word to Bernadotte to retreat West as to draw the Russians toward him so that Napoleon could then cut-off and surround the Russians. When he became Swedish royalty, he had also been the Sovereign Prince of Pontecorvo in … In designating him for the crown, the Swedes hoped that he would somehow reconquer Finland and the Åland Islands. "Sergeant, Marshal and King: Jean Baptiste Bernadotte, 1763-1844", This page was last edited on 20 February 2021, at 02:20. He served with distinction in Italy and Germany, and was briefly Minister of War. [13], Bernadotte played key roles throughout the next 18 months during the three French invasions into Germany; often employed in the place of honor during offensives leading the vanguard, and in retreat as a defensive specialist commanding the rearguard. I familjen fanns 5 barn födda 1754-69: Jean, Clarie, Arnaud, Karl (XIV) och Marie. He demanded that the Storting give him the power of absolute veto, but was forced to back down. [33] At the same time, he converted from Roman Catholicism to the Lutheranism of the Swedish court; Swedish law required the monarch to be Lutheran. Als Dek… In January 1803 Bonaparte appointed Bernadotte minister to the United States, but Bernadotte delayed his departure because of rumours of approaching war between France and England and remained inactive in Paris for a year. [93] The decisive reason was that Napoleon, before marching to Moscow, had to secure his rear and dared not trust a Swedish continental foothold behind him.